Detecting Kidney Injury Earlier in People with HIV: The Role of Urine and Plasma Biomarkers
Learning objectives
Describe urine and plasma tubular kidney biomarkers and explain their role in detecting early kidney injury and medication-related safety risks in people with HIV.
Evaluate evidence linking tubular biomarkers with tenofovir-associated nephrotoxicity and rapid kidney function decline in people with HIV.
Apply tubular biomarker findings to patient cases to support safer antiretroviral therapy selection, individualized kidney monitoring, and timely risk-mitigation strategies.
Intended Audience
Pharmacists, Physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.
