Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of this activity, participants will be able to:

1. Define tubular kidney biomarkers and describe their relevance in people with HIV.

2. Summarize key evidence linking urine and plasma tubular biomarkers with tenofovir-associated nephrotoxicity and rapid kidney function decline in HIV.

3. Apply tubular biomarker data to patient cases to guide antiretroviral therapy decisions and kidney monitoring strategies.

Faculty Presenter:

Dhakrit (Jesse) Rungkitwattanakul, PharmD BCPS FNKF FASN

Associate Professor | Nephrology Pharmacist 

Howard University College of Pharmacy 

2300 4th St NW | Washington, D.C. 20059

Email: dhakrit.rungkitwatt@howard.edu

Intended Audience

Physicians, Nurses, Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, nurses

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